我的 Django models.py 文件中有兩個類：class ProfileManager(models.Manager): def create_profile(self, user, member): # Set default age to 100 years old when profile is created. years_ago100 = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=101 * 365) age = calculate_age(years_ago100) # <- Used here profile = self.create(user=user, person_dob=years_ago100, person_age=age) returnclass Profile(models.Model): person_dob = models.DateField() person_age = models.IntegerField() objects = ProfileManager() def save(self, *args, **kwargs): # Update to real age when user edits profile for the first time. self.person_age = calculate_age(self.person_dob) # <- Used here too super(Profile, self).save(*args, **kwargs)每個類都使用這個calculate_age方法：def calculate_age(born): today = datetime.date.today() return (today.year - born.year - ((today.month, today.day) < (born.month, born.day)))如何使兩個類都可以訪問此方法？一種簡單的方法是像這樣使方法全局化，但這似乎是一種笨拙的方法：def calculate_age(born): ...class ProfileManager(models.Manager): ...class Profile(models.Model): ...另外，如果我想在這個特定模型模塊之外訪問該方法，這將不起作用。使用 Django 時有標準方法可以做到這一點嗎？
3 回答
aluckdog
TA貢獻1847條經驗 獲得超7個贊
我不知道你為什么認為它很笨拙。當 PyCharm 檢測到某個方法不訪問類成員并因此可以轉換為靜態方法或函數時，這種情況經常發生，PyCharm 甚至使它變得很方便。
最重要的是，Python 導入非常方便。是的，您可以從模塊外部訪問模塊函數，語法與訪問類相同：通過點引用訪問成員。
模塊：
# myapp/utils.py
def calculate_age(born):
today = datetime.date.today()
return (today.year - born.year - ((today.month, today.day) < (born.month, born.day)))
#otherapp/models.py
from myapp import utils
class UserProfile(models.Model):
def clean(self):
if utils.calculate_age(self.birthday) < 13:
raise ValidationError("no minors below 13 allowed")
莫回無
TA貢獻1865條經驗 獲得超7個贊
可以嘗試諸如多重繼承之類的東西嗎？不太確定這會比您所做的事情的全局功能更好
class Profile(models.Model):
person_dob = models.DateField()
person_age = models.IntegerField()
objects = ProfileManager()
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Update to real age when user edits profile for the first time.
self.person_age = self.calculate_age(self.person_dob) # <- Used here too
super(Profile, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
def calculate_age(born):
today = datetime.date.today()
return (today.year - born.year - ((today.month, today.day) < (born.month, born.day)))
class ProfileManager(models.Manager, Profile):
def create_profile(self, user, member):
# Set default age to 100 years old when profile is created.
years_ago100 = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=101 * 365)
age = self.calculate_age(years_ago100) # <- Used here
profile = self.create(user=user, person_dob=years_ago100, person_age=age)
return
如果您不喜歡從 Profile 類繼承整個 models.Model ，您可以創建一個共享類，它們都可以繼承。
class Profile(models.Model, helpers):
person_dob = models.DateField()
person_age = models.IntegerField()
objects = ProfileManager()
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Update to real age when user edits profile for the first time.
self.person_age = self.calculate_age(self.person_dob) # <- Used here too
super(Profile, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
class ProfileManager(models.Manager, helpers):
def create_profile(self, user, member):
# Set default age to 100 years old when profile is created.
years_ago100 = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=101 * 365)
age = self.calculate_age(years_ago100) # <- Used here
profile = self.create(user=user, person_dob=years_ago100, person_age=age)
return
class helpers():
def calculate_age(self, born):
today = datetime.date.today()
return (today.year - born.year - ((today.month, today.day) < (born.month, born.day)))
def other_shared_method(self):
pass
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