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將 XML 文件解析為 CSV，無需硬編碼值

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慕的地8271018 2023-10-31 14:29:16

我想知道是否有一種方法可以解析 XML 并基本上獲取所有標簽（或盡可能多）并將它們放入列中而無需硬編碼。例如我的 xml 中的 eventType 標記。我希望它最初創建一個名為“eventType”的列，并將值放在該列下方。它解析的每個“eventType”標簽都會將其放入同一列中。一般來說，我試圖讓它看起來像這樣：https://i.stack.imgur.com/z0L8z.png 這是 XML 示例：<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><faults version="1" xmlns="urn:nortel:namespaces:mcp:faults" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="urn:nortel:namespaces:mcp:faults NortelFaultSchema.xsd "> <family longName="1OffMsgr" shortName="OOM"/> <family longName="ACTAGENT" shortName="ACAT"> <logs> <log> <eventType>RES</eventType> <number>1</number> <severity>INFO</severity> <descTemplate> <msg>Accounting is enabled upon this NE.</msg> </descTemplate> <note>This log is generated when setting a Session Manager's AM from <none> to a valid AM.</note> <om>On all instances of this Session Manager, the <NE_Inst>:<AM>:STD:acct OM row in the StdRecordStream group will appear and start counting the recording units sent to the configured AM. On the configured AM, the <NE_inst>:acct OM rows in RECSTRMCOLL group will appear and start counting the recording units received from this Session Manager's instances. </om> </log> <log> <eventType>RES</eventType> <number>2</number> <severity>ALERT</severity> <descTemplate> <msg>Accounting is disabled upon this NE.</msg> </descTemplate>

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白衣染霜花

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您可以構建一個列表列表來表示表的行。每當需要新行時，都會使用默認的所有已知列構建一個新列表""，并將其附加到外部列表的底部。當需要插入新列時，只需旋轉現有內部列表并附加默認""單元格即可。保留已知列名稱的映射以在行中建立索引。現在，當您瀏覽事件時，您可以使用標記名稱來查找行索引并將其值添加到表中的最新行。

看起來您想要“log”和“alarm”標簽，但我編寫了元素選擇器來獲取具有“eventType”子元素的任何元素。由于“longName”和“shortName”對于給定的所有事件都是通用的，因此有一個外部循環來獲取這些事件并將其應用于表的每個新行。我切換到xpath這樣我就可以設置命名空間并更簡潔地編寫選擇器。個人喜好，但我認為它使 xpath 更具可讀性。

import csv

import lxml.etree

from lxml.etree import QName

import operator

class ExpandingTable:

"""A 2 dimensional table where columns are exapanded as new column

types are discovered"""

def __init__(self):

"""Create table that can expand rows and columns"""

self.name_to_col = {}

self.table = []

def add_column(self, name):

"""Add column named `name` unless already included"""

if name not in self.name_to_col:

self.name_to_col[name] = len(self.name_to_col)

for row in self.table:

row.append('')

def add_cell(self, name, value):

"""Add value to named column in the current row"""

if value:

self.add_column(name)

self.table[-1][self.name_to_col[name]] = value.strip().replace("\r\n", " ")

def new_row(self):

"""Create a new row and make it current"""

self.table.append([''] * len(self.name_to_col))

def header(self):

"""Gather discovered column names into a header list"""

idx_1 = operator.itemgetter(1)

return [name for name, _ in sorted(self.name_to_col.items(), key=idx_1)]

def prepend_header(self):

"""Gather discovered column names into a header and

prepend it to the list"""

self.table.insert(0, self.header())

def events_to_table(elem):

""" Builds table from <family> child elements and their contained alarms and

logs."""

ns = {"f":"urn:nortel:namespaces:mcp:faults"}

table = ExpandingTable()

for family in elem.xpath("f:family", namespaces=ns):

longName = family.get("longName")

shortName = family.get("shortName")

for event in family.xpath("*/*[f:eventType]", namespaces=ns):

table.new_row()

table.add_cell("longName", longName)

table.add_cell("shortName", shortName)

for cell in event:

tag = QName(cell.tag).localname

if tag == "severities":

tag = "severity"

text = ",".join(severity.text for severity in cell.xpath("*"))

print("severities", repr(text))

else:

text = cell.text

table.add_cell(tag, text)

table.prepend_header()

return table.table

def main(filename):

doc = lxml.etree.parse(filename)

table = events_to_table(doc.getroot())

with open('test.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as fileobj:

csv.writer(fileobj).writerows(table)

main('test.xml')

反對回復 2023-10-31

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將 XML 文件解析為 CSV，無需硬編碼值

將 XML 文件解析為 CSV，無需硬編碼值

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將 XML 文件解析為 CSV，無需硬編碼值