您可以使用 javap 工具看到差異。
編譯過程默認進行代碼優化，將泛型類型更改為原始類型
第一個代碼：
public class ObjectUtility {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(castToType(10,new java.util.HashMap<Integer,Integer>()));
}
private static <V,T> T castToType(V value, T type){
return (T) value;
}
}
真正的偽代碼：
Compiled from "ObjectUtility.java"
public class ObjectUtility {
public ObjectUtility();
descriptor: ()V
Code:
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: return
LineNumberTable:
line 1: 0
public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
Code:
0: getstatic #2 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
3: bipush 10
5: invokestatic #3 // Method java/lang/Integer.valueOf:(I)Ljava/lang/Integer;
8: new #4 // class java/util/HashMap
11: dup
12: invokespecial #5 // Method java/util/HashMap."<init>":()V
15: invokestatic #6 // Method castToType:(Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;
18: invokevirtual #7 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
21: return
LineNumberTable:
line 4: 0
line 5: 21
private static <V, T> T castToType(V, T);
descriptor: (Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;
Code:
0: aload_0
1: areturn
LineNumberTable:
line 8: 0
}
通用類型的調用更改為對象，并在系統輸出中添加 Integer.valueOf。
第二個代碼：
public class ObjectUtility {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(castToType(10,new java.util.HashMap<Integer,Integer>()).getClass());
}
private static <V,T> T castToType(V value, T type){
return (T) value;
}
}
真正的偽代碼：
Compiled from "ObjectUtility.java"
public class ObjectUtility {
public ObjectUtility();
descriptor: ()V
Code:
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: return
LineNumberTable:
line 1: 0
public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
Code:
0: getstatic #2 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
3: bipush 10
5: invokestatic #3 // Method java/lang/Integer.valueOf:(I)Ljava/lang/Integer;
8: new #4 // class java/util/HashMap
11: dup
12: invokespecial #5 // Method java/util/HashMap."<init>":()V
15: invokestatic #6 // Method castToType:(Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;
18: checkcast #4 // class java/util/HashMap
21: invokevirtual #7 // Method java/lang/Object.getClass:()Ljava/lang/Class;
24: invokevirtual #8 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
27: return
LineNumberTable:
line 4: 0
line 5: 27
private static <V, T> T castToType(V, T);
descriptor: (Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;
Code:
0: aload_0
1: areturn
LineNumberTable:
line 8: 0
}
checkcast 通過 HashMap 調用，但簽名更改為 Object，返回值是 int，沒有在castToType 中進行強制轉換?！癷nt”基元類型導致無效的強制轉換
第三個代碼：
public class ObjectUtility {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Object o = castToType(10,new java.util.HashMap<Integer,Integer>());
System.out.println(o.getClass());
}
private static <V,T> T castToType(V value, T type){
return (T) value;
}
}
真正的偽代碼：
Compiled from "ObjectUtility.java"
public class ObjectUtility {
public ObjectUtility();
descriptor: ()V
Code:
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: return
LineNumberTable:
line 1: 0
public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
Code:
0: bipush 10
2: invokestatic #2 // Method java/lang/Integer.valueOf:(I)Ljava/lang/Integer;
5: new #3 // class java/util/HashMap
8: dup
9: invokespecial #4 // Method java/util/HashMap."<init>":()V
12: invokestatic #5 // Method castToType:(Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;
15: astore_1
16: getstatic #6 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
19: aload_1
20: invokevirtual #7 // Method java/lang/Object.getClass:()Ljava/lang/Class;
23: invokevirtual #8 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
26: return
LineNumberTable:
line 4: 0
line 5: 16
line 6: 26
private static <V, T> T castToType(V, T);
descriptor: (Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;
Code:
0: aload_0
1: areturn
LineNumberTable:
line 9: 0
}
在這種情況下，方法與第一種類似。castToType 返回第一個參數而不做任何更改。
正如您所看到的，java 編譯器進行了一些“性能”更改，這些更改在某些情況下可能會產生影響。泛型是源代碼的“發明”，最終會轉換為任何情況下所需的實際類型。
