我想測試應該向“服務器”發送post請求的post方法（因此我想模擬來自服務器的響應并檢查響應）。另外，我想測試響應是否在正文中包含http狀態OK。問題：我應該如何使用 mockito？客戶端中的“我的帖子”方法（客戶端）：public class Client{ public static void sendUser(){ String url = "http://localhost:8080/user/add"; HttpHeaders requestHeaders = new HttpHeaders(); requestHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); requestHeaders.setAccept(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)); User test = new User(); test.setName("test"); test.setEmail("[email protected]"); test.setScore(205); RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); HttpEntity<User> request = new HttpEntity<>(test); ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class); if(response.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.OK){ System.out.println("user response: OK"); } } }另一個模塊（服務器端）中的我的控制器：@RestController@RequestMapping("/user")public class UserController{ @Autowired private UserRepository userRepository; @PostMapping("/add") public ResponseEntity addUserToDb(@RequestBody User user) throws Exception { userRepository.save(user); return ResponseEntity.ok(HttpStatus.OK); }測試： @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)@ActiveProfiles("test")@SpringBootTest(classes = Client.class)@AutoConfigureMockMvcpublic class ClientTest{ private MockRestServiceServer mockServer; @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; @Autowired private MockMvc mockMvc; @Before public void configureRestMVC() { mockServer = MockRestServiceServer.createServer(restTemplate); } @Test public void testRquestUserAddObject() throws Exception { User user = new User("test", "mail", 2255); Gson gson = new Gson(); String json = gson.toJson(user ); mockServer.expect(once(), requestTo("http://localhost:8080/user/add")).andRespond(withSuccess());}
2 回答
慕尼黑5688855
TA貢獻1848條經驗 獲得超2個贊
根據您的客戶端類，希望提出以下更改建議，以使其更易于測試：
// class
public class Client {
/*** restTemplate unique instance for every unique HTTP server. ***/
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
public ResponseEntity<String> sendUser() {
String url = "http://localhost:8080/user/add";
HttpHeaders requestHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
requestHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
requestHeaders.setAccept(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
User test = new User();
test.setName("test");
test.setEmail("[email protected]");
test.setScore(205);
HttpEntity<User> request = new HttpEntity<>(test);
ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class);
if(response.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.OK){
System.out.println("user response: OK");
}
return response;
}
}
然后對于上面的我們朱尼特作為：
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class ClientTest {
private String RESULT = "Assert result";
@Mock
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@InjectMocks
private Client client;
/**
* any setting needed before load of test class
*/
@Before
public void setUp() {
// not needed as of now
}
// testing an exception scenario
@Test(expected = RestClientException.class)
public void testSendUserForExceptionScenario() throws RestClientException {
doThrow(RestClientException.class).when(restTemplate)
.exchange(anyString(), any(HttpMethod.class), any(HttpEntity.class), any(Class.class));
// expect RestClientException
client.sendUser();
}
@Test
public void testSendUserForValidScenario() throws RestClientException {
// creating expected response
User user= new User("name", "mail", 6609);
Gson gson = new Gson();
String json = gson.toJson(user);
doReturn(new ResponseEntity<String>(json, HttpStatus.OK)).when(restTemplate)
.exchange(anyString(), any(HttpMethod.class), any(HttpEntity.class), any(Class.class));
// expect proper response
ResponseEntity<String> response =
(ResponseEntity<String>) client.sendUser();
assertEquals(this.RESULT, HttpStatus.OK, response.getStatusCode());
}
}
基本上在您的功能中，我們正在做：sendResponse()
// we are getting URL , creating requestHeader
// finally creating HttpEntity<User> request
// and then passing them restTemplate.exchange
// and then restTemplate is doing its job to make a HTPP connection and getresponse...
// and then we are prinnting the response... somestuff
因此，在相應的測試中，我們還應該只測試函數正在執行的操作，因為連接正在被照顧，并且您沒有覆蓋任何工作，因此我們不應該為相同的事情做任何事情......而只是測試我們的代碼/邏輯。restTemplaterestTemplate
最后，為了確保導入看起來像：
可以肯定的是，進口會像這樣：
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
希望這有幫助。
largeQ
TA貢獻2039條經驗 獲得超8個贊
首先是完整代碼（說明如下）：
import static org.springframework.test.web.client.ExpectedCount.manyTimes;
import static org.springframework.test.web.client.ExpectedCount.once;
import static org.springframework.test.web.client.match.MockRestRequestMatchers.requestTo;
import static org.springframework.test.web.client.response.MockRestResponseCreators.withSuccess;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ActiveProfiles("test")
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class MyTestClass {
MockRestServiceServer mockServer;
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate; //create a bean somewhere. It will be injected here.
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void configureRestMVC(){
mockServer =
MockRestServiceServer.createServer(restTemplate);
}
@Test
public void test0() throws Exception {
//this is where you would mock the call to endpoint and and response
mockServer.expect(once(), requestTo("www.example.com/endpoint1"))
.andRespond(withSuccess());
...
//here you will actually make a call to your controller. If the service class is making a post call to another endpoint outside, that you just mocked in above statement.
this.mockMvc.perform(post("www.example2.com/example2endpoint")
.content(asJsonString(new YouCustomObjectThatYouWantToPost))
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andDo(print()).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().json(matchResponseAgainstThisObject()));
}
您需要使用注釋。背后的目的是根本不啟動服務器，而只測試該層下面的層，其中Spring處理傳入的HTTP請求并將其傳遞給您的控制器。這樣，幾乎使用完整的堆棧，并且您的代碼將被調用，就像它處理真正的HTTP請求一樣，但沒有啟動服務器的成本。為此，我們將使用Spring的MockMvc，我們可以通過使用測試類上的注釋來要求為我們注入它。@AutoConfigureMockMvc@AutoConfigureMockMvc
private MockRestServiceServer mockServer;
MockRestServiceServer是客戶端REST測試的主要入口點。用于涉及直接或間接使用 RestTemplate 的測試。提供一種方法來設置將通過 RestTemplate 執行的預期請求，以及要發送回的模擬響應，從而消除了對實際服務器的需求。
mockServer.expect(once(), requestTo("www.example.com/endpoint1"))
.andRespond(withSuccess());
這是您將設置模擬外部調用的地方。以及設置期望。
this.mockMvc.perform(post("www.example2.com/example2endpoint")..
在這里，您將實際對自己的終結點（在控制器中定義的終結點）進行 rest/api 調用。Spring將命中你的端點，執行你在控制器/服務層中的所有邏輯，當涉及到實際在外面進行調用的部分時，將使用你上面剛剛定義的mockServer。這樣，它完全離線。您從未遇到過實際的外部服務。此外，您將在同一個 mockMvc.perform 方法上附加斷言。
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