我是 matplotlib 的新手，并且正在處理周一到周五僅在9to間隔中具有值的數據。5當我嘗試繪制數據時，我注意到在下一個工作日之間17:00和9:00下一個工作日之間的缺失值之間存在插值，這是由于 matplotlib 突然包含了缺失的日期時間。我的目標是：1）在不連續的左側添加垂直虛線2）刪除插值以下是我正在使用的代碼片段。該代碼將生成兩個圖。import numpy as npimport pandas as pdimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom datetime import datetimex_var1= pd.date_range(datetime(2014, 1, 14, 9, 0),datetime(2014, 1, 21, 17, 0), freq="30min", tz= 'US/Pacific', closed= 'left' )x_var1 = x_var1[x_var1.dayofweek < 5]x_var1= x_var1[x_var1.indexer_between_time('9:00','17:00', include_end= False)]x_var1= x_var1[x_var1.hour != 12]np.random.seed(0)y_var2= np.random.normal(loc= 40, scale= 4.4, size= len(x_var1))fig, ax= plt.subplots(nrows= 2, ncols= 1)ax[0].plot(x_var1, y_var2)ax[0].set_title("This plot has extra interpolation that needs to be removed and needs vertical dotted lines for discontinuities")x_var2= np.arange(len(x_var1))ax[1].plot(x_var2, y_var2)ax[1].set_title("this plot only needs correct xaxis and added vertical dotted lines for discontinuities")plt.show()我的目標是使頂部圖看起來像底部圖，除了底部圖需要將其 x 軸更改為頂部圖的 x 軸并在不連續的左側添加垂直虛線。我對 matplotlib 的世界還很陌生，所以我不確定如何以 Python 的方式高效地完成這些事情。編輯：將示例數據集更改為更隨機的數據集，以更好地反映實際問題。12:00還包括午休時間，因此在和之間會丟失數據12:59
2 回答
波斯汪
TA貢獻1811條經驗 獲得超4個贊
好的，這就是你要找的嗎？
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x_var1= pd.date_range(pd.to_datetime('2014-01-14 09:00:00'), pd.to_datetime('2014-01-21 17:00:00'),
freq="30min",
tz= 'US/Pacific',
closed= 'left'
)
x_var1 = x_var1[x_var1.dayofweek < 5]
x_var1= x_var1[x_var1.indexer_between_time('9:00','17:00', include_end= True)]
x_var1= x_var1[x_var1.hour != 12]
np.random.seed(0)
y_var2= np.random.normal(loc= 40, scale= 4.4, size= len(x_var1))
df = pd.DataFrame(index=x_var1, data=y_var2)
# mpl won't plot between nan values
df[(df.index.hour == 17) & (df.index.minute == 0)] = np.nan
df[(df.index.hour == 9) & (df.index.minute == 0)] = np.nan
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
df.plot(ax=ax, legend=False)
df[(df.index.hour == 9) & (df.index.minute == 0)] = 0
# we know the discontinuities occur at the end of the days
[plt.axvline(d, ls='--') for d, v in list(zip(df.index, df.iloc[:, 0])) if pd.isnull(v)]
隔江千里
TA貢獻1906條經驗 獲得超10個贊
這就是我將如何做到這一點。不確定我是否將垂直線放在正確的不連續處，但希望你能明白：
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x_var1= pd.date_range(pd.to_datetime('2014-01-14 09:00:00'), pd.to_datetime('2014-01-21 17:00:00'),
freq="30min",
tz= 'US/Pacific',
closed= 'left'
)
x_var1 = x_var1[x_var1.dayofweek < 5]
x_var1= x_var1[x_var1.indexer_between_time('9:00','17:00', include_end= True)]
df = pd.DataFrame(index=x_var1, data=[np.nan]*len(x_var1))
df.iloc[0, 0] = 0
df.iloc[-1, 0] = 100
# to get line with "slope of 1"
df = df.interpolate(method='time')
# mpl won't plot between nan values
df[(df.index.hour == 17) & (df.index.minute == 0)] = np.nan
df[(df.index.hour == 9) & (df.index.minute == 0)] = np.nan
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
df.plot(ax=ax, legend=False)
df[(df.index.hour == 9) & (df.index.minute == 0)] = 0
# we know the discontinuities occur at the end of the days
[plt.axvline(d, ls='--') for d, v in list(zip(df.index, df.iloc[:, 0])) if pd.isnull(v)]
輸出：
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