我需要幫助將正則表達式與 golang 集成。我想解析日志文件并創建一個在https://regex101.com/r/p4mbiS/1/上看起來很好的正則表達式日志線如下所示：57.157.87.86 - - [06/Feb/2020:00:11:04 +0100] "GET /?parammore=1&customer_id=1&version=1.56¶m=meaningful&customer_name=somewebsite.de&some_id=4&cachebuster=1580944263903 HTTP/1.1" 204 0 "https://www.somewebsite.com/more/andheresomemore/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0"像這樣的正則表達式：(?P<ip>([^\s]+)).+?\[(?P<localtime>(.*?))\].+?GET\s\/\?(?P<request>.+?)\".+?\"(?P<ref>.+?)\".\"(?P<agent>.+?)\"命名組的結果應如下所示：ip: 57.157.87.86當地時間：06/Feb/2020:00:11:04 +0100請求：parammore=1&customer_id=1&...HTTP/1.1參考：https ://www.somewebsite.com/more/andheresomemore/代理：Mozilla/5.0（Windows NT 10.0；Win64；x64；rv:72.0）...regex101.com 生成對我不起作用的 golang 代碼。我試圖改進它但沒有成功。golang 代碼只返回整個字符串而不是組。package mainimport ( "regexp" "fmt")func main() { var re = regexp.MustCompile(`(?P<ip>([^\s]+)).+?\[(?P<localtime>(.*?))\].+?GET\s\/\?(?P<request>.+?)\".+?\"(?P<ref>.+?)\".\"(?P<agent>.+?)\"`) var str = `57.157.87.86 - - [06/Feb/2020:00:11:04 +0100] "GET /?parammore=1&customer_id=1&version=1.56¶m=meaningful&customer_name=somewebsite.de&some_id=4&cachebuster=1580944263903 HTTP/1.1" 204 0 "https://www.somewebsite.com/more/andheresomemore/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0"` if len(re.FindStringIndex(str)) > 0 { fmt.Println(re.FindString(str),"found at index",re.FindStringIndex(str)[0]) }}在這里找到小提琴https://play.golang.org/p/e0_8PM-Nv6i
2 回答
慕運維8079593
TA貢獻1876條經驗 獲得超5個贊
單匹配解決方案
由于您定義了捕獲組并需要提取它們的值，因此您需要使用.FindStringSubmatch，請參閱此 Go lang 演示：
package main
import (
"fmt"
"regexp"
)
func main() {
var re = regexp.MustCompile(`(?P<ip>\S+).+?\[(?P<localtime>.*?)\].+?GET\s/\?(?P<request>.+?)".+?"(?P<ref>.+?)"\s*"(?P<agent>.+?)"`)
var str = `57.157.87.86 - - [06/Feb/2020:00:11:04 +0100] "GET /?parammore=1&customer_id=1&version=1.56¶m=meaningful&customer_name=somewebsite.de&some_id=4&cachebuster=1580944263903 HTTP/1.1" 204 0 "https://www.somewebsite.com/more/andheresomemore/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0"`
result := make(map[string]string)
match := re.FindStringSubmatch(str)
for i, name := range re.SubexpNames() {
if i != 0 && name != "" {
result[name] = match[i]
}
}
fmt.Printf("IP: %s\nLocal Time: %s\nRequest: %s\nRef: %s\nAgent: %s\n",result["ip"], result["localtime"], result["request"], result["ref"], result["agent"])
}
輸出：
IP: 57.157.87.86
Local Time: 06/Feb/2020:00:11:04 +0100
Request: parammore=1&customer_id=1&version=1.56¶m=meaningful&customer_name=somewebsite.de&some_id=4&cachebuster=1580944263903 HTTP/1.1
Ref: https://www.somewebsite.com/more/andheresomemore/
Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0
在模式中如此頻繁地使用它不是一個好主意，.+?因為它會降低性能，因此我用否定字符類替換了那些點模式，并試圖使模式更加冗長。
多匹配解決方案
在這里，您需要使用regexp.FindAllStringSubmatch：
請參閱此 Go 演示：
package main
import (
"fmt"
"regexp"
)
func main() {
var re = regexp.MustCompile(`(?P<ip>\S+).+?\[(?P<localtime>.*?)\].+?GET\s/\?(?P<request>.+?)".+?"(?P<ref>.+?)"\s*"(?P<agent>.+?)"`)
var str = `57.157.87.86 - - [06/Feb/2020:00:11:04 +0100] "GET /?parammore=1&customer_id=1&version=1.56¶m=meaningful&customer_name=somewebsite.de&some_id=4&cachebuster=1580944263903 HTTP/1.1" 204 0 "https://www.somewebsite.com/more/andheresomemore/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0"`
result := make([]map[string]string,0)
for _, match := range re.FindAllStringSubmatch(str, -1) {
res := make(map[string]string)
for i, name := range re.SubexpNames() {
if i != 0 && name != "" {
res[name] = match[i]
}
}
result = append(result, res)
}
// Displaying the matches
for i, match := range(result) {
fmt.Printf("--------------\nMatch %d:\n", i+1)
for i, name := range re.SubexpNames() {
if i != 0 && name != "" {
fmt.Printf("Group %s: %s\n", name, match[name])
}
}
}
}
輸出：
--------------
Match 1:
Group ip: 57.157.87.86
Group localtime: 06/Feb/2020:00:11:04 +0100
Group request: parammore=1&customer_id=1&version=1.56¶m=meaningful&customer_name=somewebsite.de&some_id=4&cachebuster=1580944263903 HTTP/1.1
Group ref: https://www.somewebsite.com/more/andheresomemore/
Group agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0
當年話下
TA貢獻1890條經驗 獲得超9個贊
您可以為此使用regroup https://github.com/oriser/regroup。
例子：
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/oriser/regroup"
)
type LogEntry struct {
IP string `regroup:"ip"`
LocalTime string `regroup:"localtime"`
Request string `regroup:"request"`
Ref string `regroup:"ref"`
Agent string `regroup:"agent"`
}
func main() {
var re = regroup.MustCompile(`(?P<ip>([^\s]+)).+?\[(?P<localtime>(.*?))\].+?GET\s\/\?(?P<request>.+?)\".+?\"(?P<ref>.+?)\".\"(?P<agent>.+?)\"`)
var str = `57.157.87.86 - - [06/Feb/2020:00:11:04 +0100] "GET /?parammore=1&customer_id=1&version=1.56¶m=meaningful&customer_name=somewebsite.de&some_id=4&cachebuster=1580944263903 HTTP/1.1" 204 0 "https://www.somewebsite.com/more/andheresomemore/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0"`
logEntry := &LogEntry{}
if err := re.MatchToTarget(str, logEntry); err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Printf("%#v\n", logEntry)
}
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