启动信息

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
Job for docker.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status docker.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

启动详情

8月 31 01:47:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Docker Application Container Engine...
-- Subject: Unit docker.service has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
-- 
-- Unit docker.service has begun starting up.
8月 31 01:47:25 localhost.localdomain dockerd[2390]: time="2018-08-31T01:47:25.197015872+08:00" level=info msg="libcontainerd: new containerd process, pid: 2393"
8月 31 01:47:26 localhost.localdomain dockerd[2390]: time="2018-08-31T01:47:26.204103195+08:00" level=error msg="[graphdriver] prior storage driver overlay2 failed: driver not supported"
8月 31 01:47:26 localhost.localdomain dockerd[2390]: Error starting daemon: error initializing graphdriver: driver not supported
8月 31 01:47:26 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: docker.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
8月 31 01:47:26 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.

错误原因：error initializing graphdriver: driver not supported
解决办法：在 /etc/docker 目录下创建daemon.json文件，并且加入以下配置

touch daemon.json
vi daemon.json
{
  "storage-driver": "overlay2",
  "storage-opts": [
    "overlay2.override_kernel_check=true"
  ]
}

再次启动

systemctl start docker

问题解决