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ShardingJDBC分庫分表配置學習：新手入門教程

標簽：
Java 數據庫
概述

本文详细介绍了ShardingJDBC分库分表配置学习，包括ShardingJDBC的作用、优势以及与MyBatis的集成方式。文章还提供了数据库环境搭建、基本配置及使用示例，并涵盖了一些常见问题的解决方法和性能优化建议。通过本文，读者可以全面了解如何利用ShardingJDBC进行分库分表配置。

ShardingJDBC简介

ShardingJDBC 是一个开源的分布式数据库访问中间件，它基于 Java 开发，可以支持 MySQL、PostgreSQL、SQLServer、Oracle 等数据库。ShardingJDBC 的主要功能是实现数据库的分库分表，即通过将数据分散到不同的数据库和表中，来提高数据库的扩展性和性能。它通过控制数据的拆分和路由来实现分布式环境下的数据访问，是一个强大的工具。

ShardingJDBC的作用和优势

作用

ShardingJDBC 的主要作用在于：

  1. 分库分表：将数据分散到多个数据库或表中，实现数据的水平拆分。
  2. 负载均衡：通过数据的拆分，降低了单个数据库的压力，提高了系统的吞吐量。
  3. 支持多种数据库：支持多种关系型数据库，包括 MySQL、PostgreSQL、SQLServer 等。

优势

ShardingJDBC 的主要优势包括：

  1. 透明化：ShardingJDBC 提供了一种透明的方式来处理分布式查询，对应用程序透明，不改变原有的业务代码。
  2. 高可用性：支持数据库的高可用性配置，保证系统的稳定性。
  3. 易于集成：ShardingJDBC 可以很容易地与现有的数据库驱动程序和框架（如 MyBatis）集成。
ShardingJDBC与MyBatis的集成

ShardingJDBC 可以与 MyBatis 集成，以简化分布式环境下数据库的访问。集成步骤如下：

  1. 添加依赖：在项目的依赖管理文件（如 pom.xml）中添加 ShardingJDBC 的依赖。
  2. 配置 ShardingJDBC：配置 ShardingJDBC 的数据源和分片规则。
  3. 使用 MyBatis：使用 MyBatis 访问 ShardingJDBC 配置的数据源。

下面是一个简单的 ShardingJDBC 与 MyBatis 的集成示例：

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
        <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.4</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
spring:
  # 配置数据库连接
  shardingsphere:
    props:
      sql-show: true
    rules:
      sharding:
        tables:
          t_order:
            actual-data-nodes: db_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}
            table-strategy:
              standard:
                sharding-columns: user_id
                sharding-algorithms:
                  user_id:
                    type: MOD
                    props:
                      shard-count: 2
            key-generators:
              auto_id:
                type: SNOWFLAKE
                props:
                  worker-id: 1
        binding-tables:
          - t_order,t_order_item
        default-database-strategy:
          standard:
            sharding-columns: order_id
            sharding-algorithms:
              order_id:
                type: MOD
                props:
                  shard-count: 2
        default-table-strategy:
          none:
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.KeyGeneratorConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.TableRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.strategy.StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.config.ShardingRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.config.ShardingDataSourceFactory;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.config.TableKeyGeneratorConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.config.strategy.StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;

public class ShardingJdbcMybatisExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 创建数据库数据源
        Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();
        dataSourceMap.put("ds_0", createDataSource("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_0"));
        dataSourceMap.put("ds_1", createDataSource("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_1"));

        // 创建分片规则配置
        ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig = new ShardingRuleConfiguration();
        shardingRuleConfig.getTableRuleConfigs().add(createTableRuleConfiguration("t_order"));
        shardingRuleConfig.setDefaultDatabaseShardingStrategyConfig(new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration("order_id", "order_id_inline"));
        shardingRuleConfig.setDefaultTableShardingStrategyConfig(new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration("user_id", "user_id_inline"));

        // 创建分片数据源工厂
        DataSource dataSource = ShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(dataSourceMap, shardingRuleConfig);

        // 创建 MyBatis SqlSessionFactory
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(createConfiguration(dataSource));
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();

        // 使用 MyBatis 进行数据库操作
        // 例如，执行一个简单的查询操作
        System.out.println(sqlSession.selectOne("select * from t_order where order_id = 1"));

        sqlSession.close();
    }

    private static DataSource createDataSource(String url) {
        // 创建数据库连接配置
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("user", "root");
        properties.setProperty("password", "root");
        return createDataSource(url, properties);
    }

    private static DataSource createDataSource(String url, Properties properties) {
        // 使用数据库连接工厂创建数据源
        return new org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSourceFactory().createDataSource(url, properties);
    }

    private static org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration createConfiguration(DataSource dataSource) {
        // 创建 MyBatis 配置
        org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration configuration = new org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration();
        configuration.setDataSource(dataSource);
        // 注册 Mapper 接口
        configuration.addMapper(OrderMapper.class);
        return configuration;
    }

    private static TableRuleConfiguration createTableRuleConfiguration(String tableName) {
        // 创建表规则配置
        TableRuleConfiguration tableRuleConfig = new TableRuleConfiguration(tableName);
        tableRuleConfig.setDatabaseShardingStrategyConfig(new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration("order_id", "order_id_inline"));
        tableRuleConfig.setTableShardingStrategyConfig(new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration("user_id", "user_id_inline"));
        tableRuleConfig.setKeyGeneratorConfig(new KeyGeneratorConfiguration("SNOWFLAKE", "auto_id"));
        return tableRuleConfig;
    }
}
环境搭建

在进行分库分表配置之前，需要搭建数据库环境，并下载和安装 ShardingJDBC。

准备工作：数据库环境搭建

创建数据库

首先，需要创建两个数据库 db_0 和 db_1，以用于分库分表。

CREATE DATABASE db_0;
CREATE DATABASE db_1;

创建表结构

在每个数据库中创建 t_order 和 t_order_item 表。

USE db_0;

CREATE TABLE t_order (
    order_id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    user_id INT NOT NULL,
    status VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (order_id)
);

USE db_1;

CREATE TABLE t_order (
    order_id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    user_id INT NOT NULL,
    status VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (order_id)
);
下载和安装ShardingJDBC

下载ShardingJDBC

在 Maven 仓库中下载 ShardingJDBC 的依赖，或者直接在项目中添加 Maven 依赖。

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
        <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.1</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

配置ShardingJDBC

在 Spring Boot 项目中，配置 ShardingJDBC 的数据源和分片规则。

spring:
  shardingsphere:
  props:
    sql-show: true
  rules:
    sharding:
      data-sources:
        ds_0:
          type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
          driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
          jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_0
          username: root
          password: root
        ds_1:
          type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
          driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
          jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_1
          username: root
          password: root
      tables:
        t_order:
          actual-data-nodes: db_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}
          table-strategy:
            standard:
              sharding-columns: user_id
              sharding-algorithms:
                user_id:
                  type: MOD
                  props:
                    shard-count: 2
          key-generators:
            auto_id:
              type: SNOWFLAKE
              props:
                worker-id: 1
      binding-tables:
        - t_order,t_order_item
      default-database-strategy:
        standard:
          sharding-columns: order_id
          sharding-algorithms:
            order_id:
              type: MOD
              props:
                shard-count: 2
      default-table-strategy:
        none:
创建分库分表的数据库结构

创建示例表

在 db_0 和 db_1 数据库中创建 t_order 和 t_order_item 表。

USE db_0;
CREATE TABLE t_order (
  order_id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  user_id INT NOT NULL,
  status VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (order_id)
);

USE db_1;
CREATE TABLE t_order (
  order_id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  user_id INT NOT NULL,
  status VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (order_id)
);

USE db_0;
CREATE TABLE t_order_item (
  item_id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  order_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
  product_id INT NOT NULL,
  quantity INT NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (item_id)
);

USE db_1;
CREATE TABLE t_order_item (
  item_id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  order_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
  product_id INT NOT NULL,
  quantity INT NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (item_id)
);
分库分表的基本配置

数据源配置

ShardingJDBC 支持多个数据源的配置，每个数据源可以对应一个数据库。配置数据源时需要使用 DataSource 对象，并将其添加到数据源集合中。

spring:
  shardingsphere:
  props:
    sql-show: true
  rules:
    sharding:
      data-sources:
        ds_0:
          type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
          driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
          jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_0
          username: root
          password: root
        ds_1:
          type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
          driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
          jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_1
          username: root
          password: root
      tables:
        t_order:
          actual-data-nodes: ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}
          table-strategy:
            standard:
              sharding-columns: user_id
              sharding-algorithms:
                user_id:
                  type: MOD
                  props:
                    shard-count: 2
          key-generators:
            auto_id:
              type: SNOWFLAKE
              props:
                worker-id: 1
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.KeyGeneratorConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.TableRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.ShardingRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.strategy.StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.config.ShardingDataSourceFactory;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.config.ShardingRuleConfiguration;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class ShardingDataSourceConfig {

    public static DataSource createShardingDataSource() throws SQLException {
        ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig = new ShardingRuleConfiguration();
        Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();
        dataSourceMap.put("ds_0", createDataSource("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_0"));
        dataSourceMap.put("ds_1", createDataSource("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_1"));

        TableRuleConfiguration tOrderTableRuleConfig = new TableRuleConfiguration("t_order");
        tOrderTableRuleConfig.setActualDataNodes("ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}");
        tOrderTableRuleConfig.setTableShardingStrategyConfig(new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration("user_id", "user_id_inline"));
        tOrderTableRuleConfig.setKeyGeneratorConfig(new KeyGeneratorConfiguration("SNOWFLAKE", "auto_id"));

        shardingRuleConfig.getTableRuleConfigs().add(tOrderTableRuleConfig);
        shardingRuleConfig.setDefaultDatabaseShardingStrategyConfig(new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration("order_id", "order_id_inline"));

        return ShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(dataSourceMap, shardingRuleConfig);
    }

    private static DataSource createDataSource(String url) {
        // 创建数据库连接配置
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("user", "root");
        properties.setProperty("password", "root");
        return createDataSource(url, properties);
    }

    private static DataSource createDataSource(String url, Properties properties) {
        // 使用数据库连接工厂创建数据源
        return new org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSourceFactory().createDataSource(url, properties);
    }
}

规则配置：表规则和数据库规则

表规则

表规则定义了如何将表拆分到不同的库和表中。这里使用的是标准的分片策略。

spring:
  shardingsphere:
  props:
    sql-show: true
  rules:
    sharding:
      tables:
        t_order:
          actual-data-nodes: ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}
          table-strategy:
            standard:
              sharding-columns: user_id
              sharding-algorithms:
                user_id:
                  type: MOD
                  props:
                    shard-count: 2
          key-generators:
            auto_id:
              type: SNOWFLAKE
              props:
                worker-id: 1
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.KeyGeneratorConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.TableRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.ShardingRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.strategy.StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.config.ShardingRuleConfiguration;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class ShardingRuleConfig {

    public static ShardingRuleConfiguration createShardingRuleConfig() {
        ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig = new ShardingRuleConfiguration();

        TableRuleConfiguration tOrderTableRuleConfig = new TableRuleConfiguration("t_order");
        tOrderTableRuleConfig.setActualDataNodes("ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}");
        tOrderTableRuleConfig.setTableShardingStrategyConfig(new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration("user_id", "user_id_inline"));
        tOrderTableRuleConfig.setKeyGeneratorConfig(new KeyGeneratorConfiguration("SNOWFLAKE", "auto_id"));

        shardingRuleConfig.getTableRuleConfigs().add(tOrderTableRuleConfig);
        shardingRuleConfig.setDefaultDatabaseShardingStrategyConfig(new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration("order_id", "order_id_inline"));

        return shardingRuleConfig;
    }
}

数据库规则

数据库规则定义了如何将数据分散到不同的数据库中。同样使用了标准的分片策略。

spring:
  shardingsphere:
  props:
    sql-show: true
  rules:
    sharding:
      default-database-strategy:
        standard:
          sharding-columns: order_id
          sharding-algorithms:
            order_id:
              type: MOD
              props:
                shard-count: 2

数据源和规则的关联

在 ShardingJDBC 的配置中，数据源和表规则是关联在一起的。通过 actual-data-nodes，定义了具体的表拆分规则。

spring:
  shardingsphere:
  props:
    sql-show: true
  rules:
    sharding:
      tables:
        t_order:
          actual-data-nodes: ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}
          table-strategy:
            standard:
              sharding-columns: user_id
              sharding-algorithms:
                user_id:
                  type: MOD
                  props:
                    shard-count: 2
          key-generators:
            auto_id:
              type: SNOWFLAKE
              props:
                worker-id: 1
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.KeyGeneratorConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.TableRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.ShardingRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.strategy.StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.config.ShardingDataSourceFactory;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.config.ShardingRuleConfiguration;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class ShardingDataSourceConfig {

    public static DataSource createShardingDataSource(ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig) throws SQLException {
        Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();
        dataSourceMap.put("ds_0", createDataSource("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_0"));
        dataSourceMap.put("ds_1", createDataSource("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_1"));

        return ShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(dataSourceMap, shardingRuleConfig);
    }

    private static DataSource createDataSource(String url) {
        // 创建数据库连接配置
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("user", "root");
        properties.setProperty("password", "root");
        return createDataSource(url, properties);
    }

    private static DataSource createDataSource(String url, Properties properties) {
        // 使用数据库连接工厂创建数据源
        return new org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSourceFactory().createDataSource(url, properties);
    }
}

通过 ds_${0..1} 和 t_order_${0..1}，定义了具体的表拆分规则。

ShardingJDBC的使用示例

分库分表的SQL使用

ShardingJDBC 通过在配置文件中定义好的规则，自动处理 SQL 查询。例如，查询 t_order 表中的数据时，ShardingJDBC 会根据规则自动将查询路由到正确的数据库和表。

SELECT * FROM t_order WHERE user_id = 1;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.TableRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.ShardingRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.strategy.StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.config.ShardingDataSourceFactory;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.config.strategy.StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.config.strategy.StandardShardingTableStrategyConfiguration;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class ShardingJdbcExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
        ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig = createShardingRuleConfig();

        DataSource shardingDataSource = createShardingDataSource(shardingRuleConfig);

        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(createConfiguration(shardingDataSource));
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();

        // 执行 SQL 查询
        System.out.println(sqlSession.selectOne("select * from t_order where user_id = 1"));

        sqlSession.close();
    }

    private static ShardingRuleConfiguration createShardingRuleConfig() {
        // 创建 ShardingRuleConfiguration 并配置规则
        return ShardingRuleConfig.createShardingRuleConfig();
    }

    private static DataSource createShardingDataSource(ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig) throws SQLException {
        // 创建 ShardingDataSource 并配置数据源
        return ShardingDataSourceConfig.createShardingDataSource(shardingRuleConfig);
    }

    private static org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration createConfiguration(DataSource dataSource) {
        // 创建 MyBatis 配置
        org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration configuration = new org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration();
        configuration.setDataSource(dataSource);
        // 注册 Mapper 接口
        configuration.addMapper(OrderMapper.class);
        return configuration;
    }
}

动态和静态分片的示例

动态分片

动态分片是指在运行时根据条件选择具体的表或数据库。以下是一个动态分片的示例：

spring:
  shardingsphere:
  props:
    sql-show: true
  rules:
    sharding:
      tables:
        t_order:
          actual-data-nodes: ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}
          table-strategy:
            standard:
              sharding-columns: user_id
              sharding-algorithms:
                user_id:
                  type: MOD
                  props:
                    shard-count: 2
          key-generators:
            auto_id:
              type: SNOWFLAKE
              props:
                worker-id: 1
      default-database-strategy:
        standard:
          sharding-columns: order_id
          sharding-algorithms:
            order_id:
              type: MOD
              props:
                shard-count: 2

静态分片

静态分片是指在配置时就确定了具体的表或数据库。以下是一个静态分片的示例：

spring:
  shardingsphere:
  props:
    sql-show: true
  rules:
    sharding:
      tables:
        t_order:
          actual-data-nodes: ds_0.t_order_0, ds_1.t_order_1
          table-strategy:
            standard:
              sharding-columns: user_id
              sharding-algorithms:
                user_id:
                  type: MOD
                  props:
                    shard-count: 2
          key-generators:
            auto_id:
              type: SNOWFLAKE
              props:
                worker-id: 1
      default-database-strategy:
        standard:
          sharding-columns: order_id
          sharding-algorithms:
            order_id:
              type: MOD
              props:
                shard-count: 2

ShardingJDBC的多数据源配置

多数据源配置可以灵活地管理多个数据源。以下是一个多数据源配置的示例：

spring:
  shardingsphere:
  props:
    sql-show: true
  rules:
    sharding:
      data-sources:
        ds_0:
          type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
          driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
          jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_0
          username: root
          password: root
        ds_1:
          type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
          driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
          jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_1
          username: root
          password: root
      tables:
        t_order:
          actual-data-nodes: ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}
          table-strategy:
            standard:
              sharding-columns: user_id
              sharding-algorithms:
                user_id:
                  type: MOD
                  props:
                    shard-count: 2
          key-generators:
            auto_id:
              type: SNOWFLAKE
              props:
                worker-id: 1
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.KeyGeneratorConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.TableRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.ShardingRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.strategy.StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.config.ShardingDataSourceFactory;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.config.ShardingRuleConfiguration;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class ShardingDataSourceConfig {

    public static DataSource createShardingDataSource() throws SQLException {
        ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig = new ShardingRuleConfiguration();
        Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();
        dataSourceMap.put("ds_0", createDataSource("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_0"));
        dataSourceMap.put("ds_1", createDataSource("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_1"));

        TableRuleConfiguration tOrderTableRuleConfig = new TableRuleConfiguration("t_order");
        tOrderTableRuleConfig.setActualDataNodes("ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}");
        tOrderTableRuleConfig.setTableShardingStrategyConfig(new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration("user_id", "user_id_inline"));
        tOrderTableRuleConfig.setKeyGeneratorConfig(new KeyGeneratorConfiguration("SNOWFLAKE", "auto_id"));

        shardingRuleConfig.getTableRuleConfigs().add(tOrderTableRuleConfig);
        shardingRuleConfig.setDefaultDatabaseShardingStrategyConfig(new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration("order_id", "order_id_inline"));

        return ShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(dataSourceMap, shardingRuleConfig);
    }

    private static DataSource createDataSource(String url) {
        // 创建数据库连接配置
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("user", "root");
        properties.setProperty("password", "root");
        return createDataSource(url, properties);
    }

    private static DataSource createDataSource(String url, Properties properties) {
        // 使用数据库连接工厂创建数据源
        return new org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSourceFactory().createDataSource(url, properties);
    }
}
常见问题与解决

常见错误及调试方法

  • 配置错误：检查 ShardingJDBC 的配置文件，确保所有的配置项都是正确的。
  • 数据库连接问题：检查数据库连接的配置，确保数据库连接信息是正确的。
  • SQL 语句错误：确保 SQL 语句是根据 ShardingJDBC 的规则正确编写的。

性能调优和注意事项

  • 分库分表策略：合理设计分库分表策略，以更好地利用资源。
  • 查询优化：优化查询语句，避免不必要的全表扫描。
  • 监控和日志：使用 ShardingJDBC 提供的监控和日志功能，对系统的性能进行监控和调优。

ShardingJDBC的扩展与维护

  • 开发自定义插件：根据实际需求开发自定义插件，扩展 ShardingJDBC 的功能。
  • 社区支持：加入 ShardingJDBC 社区，获取更多的技术支持和帮助。
小结与展望

ShardingJDBC的未来发展趋势

  • 更丰富的功能：ShardingJDBC 未来将提供更多强大的功能，以满足更多的应用场景。
  • 更好的兼容性：ShardingJDBC 将进一步提高与其他数据库和框架的兼容性。
  • 更好的性能：通过技术优化，进一步提高 ShardingJDBC 的性能。

用户反馈与社区资源

  • 用户反馈：ShardingJDBC 社区欢迎用户反馈问题和建议。
  • 社区资源：通过社区论坛、邮件列表等方式获取更多的技术支持和帮助。

持续学习和进阶资源推荐

  • 慕课网：推荐访问慕课网，获取更多的编程学习资源。
  • 官方文档：深入学习 ShardingJDBC 官方文档，掌握更多高级配置和使用技巧。
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