查看可用的软件版本

#下载清华的镜像源文件
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

sudo sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

yum update

sudo yum list docker-ce --showduplicates|sort -r

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.8-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.7-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.6-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.5-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.4-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.3-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.2-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.1-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
....

下载到指定文件夹

sudo yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/docker-19.03 docker-ce-19.03.8-3.el7 docker-ce-cli-19.03.8-3.el7 

Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                          Arch                                  Version                                         Repository                             Size
====================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 docker-ce                                        x86_64                                3:19.03.8-3.el7                                 docker                                 25 M
Installing for dependencies:
 container-selinux                                noarch                                2:2.107-3.el7                                   extras                                 39 k
 containerd.io                                    x86_64                                1.2.13-3.1.el7                                  docker                                 23 M
 docker-ce-cli                                    x86_64                                1:19.03.8-3.el7                                 docker                                 40 M

Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 87 M
Installed size: 363 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
(1/4): container-selinux-2.107-3.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                              |  39 kB  00:00:00
(2/4): containerd.io-1.2.13-3.1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                               |  23 MB  00:00:00
(3/4): docker-ce-19.03.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                    |  25 MB  00:00:00
(4/4): docker-ce-cli-19.03.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                |  40 MB  00:00:00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                               118 MB/s |  87 MB  00:00:00
exiting because "Download Only" specified

解压后复制到目标服务器之后进入文件夹安装

yum install *.rpm

启动docker

systemctl start docker

测试docker是否安装成功

docker ps