直接上代码，功能的实现说明在注释上😎

1.完整代码

import os
import pandas as pd 
import numpy  as np 
import math 


# 获取文件名
def get_data_set(path):
    data_directory  = path + "/data"
    data_files = []
    files = os.listdir(data_directory) 
    files.sort()
    for f in files:
        try:
            data_files.append(f)
        except Exception:
            msg = traceback.format_exc()
            print (msg)
            print('Warning: unknown file', f)

    return data_files  #返回一个文件名列表

def data_read(path,file_name):  
    data_file_path  = path + "/data/"
    data_file_path  = data_file_path  + file_name
    name,extension  = file_name.split(".")
    if extension == "csv":
        try:
            data = pd.read_csv(data_file_path,encoding = "gbk",header = None)
        except:
            data = pd.read_csv(data_file_path,encoding = "utf-8",header = None)
    elif extension == "txt":
        try:
            data = pd.read_csv(data_file_path,encoding = "gbk",header = None,sep = "\t")
        except:
            data = pd.read_csv(data_file_path,encoding = "utf-8",header = None,sep = "\t")
    else:
        data = pd.read_excel(data_file_path)

    return data 


def merge(path):
    data_files = get_data_set(path)
    #获得每个文件的列数
    #根据列数将第二个文件与第一个文件合并
    #用合并后的文件替换第一个文件,成为新的"第一个文件"
    #将"第一个文件"，重复上面步骤，继续与后面的文件合并

    df1 = data_read(path,data_files[0]) 
    for i in range(len(data_files)-1):             
        df2 = data_read(path,data_files[i+1])
        df1.set_index(df1.columns[0], inplace = True)
        df2.set_index(df2.columns[0], inplace = True)
        #基于列名为"ID"的列进行的合并，而数据的ID，一般在第一列
        #df1.set_index(df1.columns['ID'], inplace = True)
        #df2.set_index(df2.columns['ID'], inplace = True)
        len1 = df1.shape[1] + 1
        len2 = df2.shape[1] + 1
        add_data = []
        df1['is_null'] = [True if idx in df2.index else False for idx,row in df1.iterrows()]
        df1 = df1[df1['is_null']==True]
        for index,row in df1.iterrows():
            df2_row = df2.loc[index]
            row_data = [df2_row[i] for i in range(1,len2)]
            add_data.append(row_data) 
        df1.reset_index(inplace=True)
        #df1 + df2 = out
        out = pd.concat((df1,pd.DataFrame(add_data,columns=[i for i in range(len1,len1 + df2.shape[1])])),axis = 1)        
        df1 = out
        print (df1.shape)
    return df1 
 

def main():
    path = "E:/AnaLinReg/Data5/code_test/DataSet1"
    result = merge(path)
    print ("合并完成")
    print (result.shape)
    

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

待合并的文件：

d1.csv ：69636行25列
d2.csv ：69636行31列
d3.csv ：69636行16列
d4.csv ：69636行17列
d5.csv ：69636行27列
合并期间，ID列是共用的列，

2.算法运行结果：