在项目中,经常有脚本需要常驻运行的需求。以PHP脚本为例,最简单的方式是:
$ nohup php cli.php &
这样能保证当前终端被关闭或者按CRTL+C后,脚本仍在后台运行。但是没法保证脚本异常后自动重启等。
Supervisor 是用Python开发的一套通用的进程管理程序,能将一个普通的命令行进程变为后台daemon,并监控进程状态,异常退出时能自动重启。
本文所用环境:
CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
Python 2.6.6
pip 7.1.0 from /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages (python 2.6)
supervisor 3.3.4
安装
平台要求
引自官网(http://supervisord.org/introduction.html#platform-requirements):
Supervisor已经过测试,可以在Linux(Ubuntu 9.10),Mac OS X(10.4 / 10.5 / 10.6)和Solaris(10 for Intel)和FreeBSD 6.1上运行。它可能在大多数UNIX系统上都能正常工作。在任何版本的Windows下,Supervisor 都不会运行。Supervisor 可以使用
Python 2.4
或更高版本,但不能在任何版本的Python 3
下使用。
我使用的环境:
$ python -V Python 2.6.6
安装
安装方法有:
1、easy_install 安装(需安装有pip):
$ easy_install supervisor
2、pip 安装(需安装有pip,推荐):
$ pip install supervisor
3、Debian / Ubuntu可以直接通过apt安装:
$ apt-get install supervisor
本文测试的时候是使用pip安装的。其它方式未做测试。
安装后配置文件生成:
1、通过easy_install或pip安装后,需要运行
$ mkdir /etc/supervisor $ echo_supervisord_conf > /etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf
生成配置文件。
2、使用apt-get
安装后,supervisor的主配置文件在:
/etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf
supervisor的配置文件默认是不全的。子进程配置文件在:
/etc/supervisor/conf.d/*.conf
启动supervisor
我们先修改supervisord.conf
最后的[include]
部分配置:
[include] files = /etc/supervisor/conf.d/*.conf
这样就可以支持子配置文件,而不用改动主配置文件。
启动方法一般有:
1、使用 pip
或者easy_install
安装的supervisor
则:
$ supervisord
即可运行。
supervisor 默认在以下路径查找配置文件:/usr/etc/supervisord.conf, /usr/supervisord.conf, supervisord.conf, etc/supervisord.conf, /etc/supervisord.conf, /etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf
如需指定主配置文件,则需要使用-c
参数:
$ supervisord -c /etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf
查看安装的版本:
$ supervisord -v 3.3.4
然后查看supervisor的状态:
$ supervisorctl status
注:
supervisord
是主进程,supervisorctl
是给守护进程发送命令的客户端工具。
2、使用 apt-get
安装的supervisor
直接可以通过
$ /etc/init.d/supervisor start
运行。
使用示例
我们以简单的 /tmp/echo_time.sh
为例:
#/bin/bashwhile true; do echo `date +%Y-%m-%d,%H:%m:%s` sleep 2done
在/etc/supervisor/conf.d/
新增子进程配置文件 echo_time.conf
:
[program:echo_time]command=sh /tmp/echo_time.shpriority=999 ; the relative start priority (default 999)autostart=true ; start at supervisord start (default: true)autorestart=true ; retstart at unexpected quit (default: true)startsecs=10 ; number of secs prog must stay running (def. 10)startretries=3 ; max # of serial start failures (default 3)exitcodes=0,2 ; 'expected' exit codes for process (default 0,2)stopsignal=QUIT ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)stopwaitsecs=10 ; max num secs to wait before SIGKILL (default 10)user=root ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the programlog_stdout=truelog_stderr=true ; if true, log program stderr (def false)logfile=/tmp/echo_time.loglogfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)logfile_backups=10 ; # of logfile backups (default 10)stdout_logfile_maxbytes=20MB ; stdout 日志文件大小,默认 50MBstdout_logfile_backups=20 ; stdout 日志文件备份数stdout_logfile=/tmp/echo_time.stdout.log
然后启动程序:
$ supervisorctl reread $ supervisorctl update
这两个命令分别代表重新读取配置、更新子进程组。执行update后输出:
echo_time: added process group
这样刚才添加的echo_time
脚本就常驻运行起来了。可以通过日志查看运行情况:
$ tail -f /tmp/echo_time.stdout.log 2018-12-22,14:12:1545459550 2018-12-22,14:12:1545459552 2018-12-22,14:12:1545459554
也可以使用supervisorctl status
查看子进程运行情况:
$ supervisorctl status echo_time RUNNING pid 28206, uptime 0:00:11
配置文件
主配置
主配置文件名: supervisord.conf
可以通过运行echo_supervisord_conf
获得。这个配置文件一般情况下不需要更改,除了最后的[include]
部分,其余保持默认即可。
[unix_http_server]file=/tmp/supervisor.sock ; the path to the socket file;chmod=0700 ; socket file mode (default 0700) ;chown=nobody:nogroup ; socket file uid:gid owner ;username=user ; default is no username (open server) ;password=123 ; default is no password (open server) ;[inet_http_server] ; 配置web后台 ;port=127.0.0.1:9001 ; 指定ip_address:port, 使用 *:port 监听所有 IP ;username=user ; 默认没有用户名 (open server) ;password=123 ; 默认没有密码 (open server) [supervisord] logfile=/tmp/supervisord.log ; 日志文件; 默认 $CWD/supervisord.log logfile_maxbytes=50MB ; 日志文件最大大小; 默认 50MB logfile_backups=10 ; # of main logfile backups; 0 means none, default 10loglevel=info ; log level; default info; others: debug,warn,trace pidfile=/tmp/supervisord.pid ; pid文件 nodaemon=false ; 是否运行在前台; 默认是后台 minfds=1024 ; min. avail startup file descriptors; default 1024minprocs=200 ; min. avail process descriptors;default 200;umask=022 ; process file creation umask; default 022;user=chrism ; default is current user, required if root ;identifier=supervisor ; supervisord identifier, default is 'supervisor' ;directory=/tmp ; default is not to cd during start ;nocleanup=true ; don't clean up tempfiles at start; default false;childlogdir=/tmp ; 'AUTO' child log dir, default $TEMP ;environment=KEY="value" ; key value pairs to add to environment ;strip_ansi=false ; strip ansi escape codes in logs; def. false; The rpcinterface:supervisor section must remain in the config file for; RPC (supervisorctl/web interface) to work. Additional interfaces may be ; added by defining them in separate [rpcinterface:x] sections. [rpcinterface:supervisor] supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface ; 配置 supervisorctl ; configure it match the settings in either the unix_http_server ; or inet_http_server section. [supervisorctl] serverurl=unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock ; use a unix:// URL for a unix socket ;serverurl=http://127.0.0.1:9001 ; use an http:// url to specify an inet socket ;username=chris ; should be same as in [*_http_server] if set ;password=123 ; should be same as in [*_http_server] if set ;prompt=mysupervisor ; cmd line prompt (default "supervisor") ;history_file=~/.sc_history ; use readline history if available ; 下面是子进程配置文件示例 ; Create one or more 'real' program: sections to be able to control them under ; supervisor. ;[program:theprogramname] ;command=/bin/cat ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args) ;process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s) ;numprocs=1 ; number of processes copies to start (def 1) ;directory=/tmp ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd) ;umask=022 ; umask for process (default None) ;priority=999 ; the relative start priority (default 999) ;autostart=true ; start at supervisord start (default: true) ;startsecs=1 ; # of secs prog must stay up to be running (def. 1) ;startretries=3 ; max # of serial start failures when starting (default 3) ;autorestart=unexpected ; when to restart if exited after running (def: unexpected) ;exitcodes=0,2 ; 'expected' exit codes used with autorestart (default 0,2) ;stopsignal=QUIT ; signal used to kill process (default TERM) ;stopwaitsecs=10 ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10) ;stopasgroup=false ; send stop signal to the UNIX process group (default false) ;killasgroup=false ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false) ;user=chrism ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program ;redirect_stderr=true ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false) ;stdout_logfile=/a/path ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO ;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB) ;stdout_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stdout logfile backups (0 means none, default 10) ;stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0) ;stdout_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stdout writes (default false) ;stderr_logfile=/a/path ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO ;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB) ;stderr_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stderr logfile backups (0 means none, default 10) ;stderr_capture_maxbytes=1MB ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0) ;stderr_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stderr writes (default false) ;environment=A="1",B="2" ; process environment additions (def no adds) ;serverurl=AUTO ; override serverurl computation (childutils) ; The sample eventlistener section below shows all possible eventlistener ; subsection values. Create one or more 'real' eventlistener: sections to be ; able to handle event notifications sent by supervisord. ;[eventlistener:theeventlistenername] ;command=/bin/eventlistener ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args) ;process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s) ;numprocs=1 ; number of processes copies to start (def 1) ;events=EVENT ; event notif. types to subscribe to (req'd) ;buffer_size=10 ; event buffer queue size (default 10) ;directory=/tmp ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd) ;umask=022 ; umask for process (default None) ;priority=-1 ; the relative start priority (default -1) ;autostart=true ; start at supervisord start (default: true) ;startsecs=1 ; # of secs prog must stay up to be running (def. 1) ;startretries=3 ; max # of serial start failures when starting (default 3) ;autorestart=unexpected ; autorestart if exited after running (def: unexpected) ;exitcodes=0,2 ; 'expected' exit codes used with autorestart (default 0,2) ;stopsignal=QUIT ; signal used to kill process (default TERM) ;stopwaitsecs=10 ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10) ;stopasgroup=false ; send stop signal to the UNIX process group (default false) ;killasgroup=false ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false) ;user=chrism ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program ;redirect_stderr=false ; redirect_stderr=true is not allowed for eventlisteners ;stdout_logfile=/a/path ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO ;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB) ;stdout_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stdout logfile backups (0 means none, default 10) ;stdout_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stdout writes (default false) ;stderr_logfile=/a/path ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO ;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB) ;stderr_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stderr logfile backups (0 means none, default 10) ;stderr_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stderr writes (default false) ;environment=A="1",B="2" ; process environment additions ;serverurl=AUTO ; override serverurl computation (childutils) ; The sample group section below shows all possible group values. Create one ; or more 'real' group: sections to create "heterogeneous" process groups. ;[group:thegroupname] ;programs=progname1,progname2 ; each refers to 'x' in [program:x] definitions ;priority=999 ; the relative start priority (default 999) ; 配置include files ; The [include] section can just contain the "files" setting. This ; setting can list multiple files (separated by whitespace or; newlines). It can also contain wildcards. The filenames are ; interpreted as relative to this file. Included files *cannot* ; include files themselves. [include] ; .ini和.conf都支持 files = relative/directory/*.ini
子进程配置文件
一般放在:/etc/supervisor/conf.d/
目录 。一个脚本对应一个配置文件。
配置说明:
;*为必须填写项;*[program:应用名称][program:cat];*命令路径,如果使用python启动的程序应该为 python /home/test.py, ;不建议放入/home/user/, 对于非user用户一般情况下是不能访问command=/bin/cat;当numprocs为1时,process_name=%(program_name)s;当numprocs>=2时,%(program_name)s_%(process_num)02dprocess_name=%(program_name)s;进程数量numprocs=1;执行目录,若有/home/supervisor_test/test1.py;将directory设置成/home/supervisor_test;则command只需设置成python test1.py;否则command必须设置成绝对执行目录directory=/tmp;掩码:--- -w- -w-, 转换后rwx r-x w-xumask=022;优先级,值越高,最后启动,最先被关闭,默认值999priority=999;如果是true,当supervisor启动时,程序将会自动启动autostart=true;*自动重启autorestart=true;启动延时执行,默认1秒startsecs=10;启动尝试次数,默认3次startretries=3;当退出码是0,2时,执行重启,默认值0,2exitcodes=0,2;停止信号,默认TERM;中断:INT(类似于Ctrl+C)(kill -INT pid),退出后会将写文件或日志(推荐);终止:TERM(kill -TERM pid);挂起:HUP(kill -HUP pid),注意与Ctrl+Z/kill -stop pid不同;从容停止:QUIT(kill -QUIT pid);KILL, USR1, USR2其他见命令(kill -l),说明1stopsignal=TERMstopwaitsecs=10;*以root用户执行user=root;重定向redirect_stderr=falsestdout_logfile=/a/pathstdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MBstdout_logfile_backups=10stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MBstderr_logfile=/a/pathstderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MBstderr_logfile_backups=10stderr_capture_maxbytes=1MB;环境变量设置environment=A="1",B="2"serverurl=AUTO
简化模板
[program:echo_time]command=sh /tmp/echo_time.shautostart=trueautorestart=truestartsecs=10startretries=3 exitcodes=0,2stopsignal=QUITstopwaitsecs=10user=rootlog_stdout=truelog_stderr=truelogfile=/tmp/echo_time.loglogfile_maxbytes=1MBlogfile_backups=10 stdout_logfile_maxbytes=20MB stdout_logfile_backups=20 stdout_logfile=/tmp/echo_time.stdout.log
命令行程序
supervisord
supervisord 是主进程。
通过supervisord -h
可以查看帮助说明。示例:
-c/--configuration FILENAME ;指定配置文件-n/--nodaemon ;运行在前台(调试用)-v/--version ;打印版本信息-u/--user USER ;以指定用户(或用户ID)运行-m/--umask UMASK ;指定子进程的umask,默认是022-l/--logfile FILENAME ;指定日志文件-e/--loglevel LEVEL ;指定日志级别
supervisorctl
supervisorctl 是客户端程序,用于向supervisord发起命令。
通过supervisorctl -h
可以查看帮助说明。我们主要关心的是其action
命令:
$ supervisorctl helpdefault commands (type help <topic>): ===================================== add exit open reload restart start tail avail fg pid remove shutdown status update clear maintail quit reread signal stop version
这些命令对于控制子进程非常重要。示例:
reread ;重新加载配置文件 update ;将配置文件里新增的子进程加入进程组,如果设置了autostart=true则会启动新新增的子进程 status ;查看所有进程状态 status <name> ;查看指定进程状态 start all; 启动所有子进程 start <name>; 启动指定子进程 restart all; 重启所有子进程 restart <name>; 重启指定子进程 stop all; 停止所有子进程 stop <name>; 停止指定子进程 reload ;重启supervisord add <name>; 添加子进程到进程组 reomve <name>; 从进程组移除子进程,需要先stop。注意:移除后,需要使用reread和update才能重新运行该进程
supervisord 有进程组(process group)的概念:只有子进程在进程组,才能被运行。
supervisorctl
也支持交互式命令行:
$ supervisorctl echo_time RUNNING pid 27188, uptime 0:05:09 supervisor> version 3.3.4 supervisor>
web界面操作
需要开启supervisord.conf
注释掉的这4行:
[inet_http_server] ; inet (TCP) server disabled by defaultport=127.0.0.1:9001 ; ip_address:port specifier, *:port for all iface username=user ; default is no username (open server) password=123 ; default is no password (open server)
端口默认是监听127.0.0.1:9001
,这里方便测试,修改为:
port=*:9001
然后重启主进程supervisord:
$ supervisorctl reload
浏览器访问:http://myip:9001 ,输入用户名、密码后,即可看到web页面:
注意:如果修改配置文件时,
[inet_http_server]
这一行被注释,会导致不仅web需要认证,命令行使用supervisorctl
也需要认证,这时候就需要在交互式命令行里输入用户名、密码才能进行下一步的操作。
其它问题
1、Centos6 docker环境没有pip
解决方案:需要先安装扩展源EPEL。
EPEL(http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL) 是由 Fedora 社区打造,为 RHEL 及衍生发行版如 CentOS、Scientific Linux 等提供高质量软件包的项目。
首先安装epel扩展源:
$ yum -y install epel-release
然后再安装pip
$ yum -y install python-pip
查看版本:
$ pip -V pip 7.1.0 from /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages (python 2.6)
参考: 原因:pip安装的meld3不可用,手动安装。 感谢https://www.cnblogs.com/hubery/p/5653007.html 文章提供的方法!这个问题困扰了好久,github页面( 解决方案:删除 1、Supervisor: A Process Control System — Supervisor 3.3.4 documentationwget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/m/meld3/meld3-1.0.2.tar.gz
tar -zxf meld3-1.0.2.tar.gzcd meld3-1.0.2
python setup.py install
/site-packages
下面的包,重新安装python-setuptools:rm -rf /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pkg_resources*
yum reinstall python-setuptools
参考
http://supervisord.org/index.html
2、进程管理supervisor的简单说明 - jyzhou - 博客园
https://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujinyi/p/6073705.html
3、DevOps
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/mqrkAEaGFKJy-4PQadJJ9w?
4、supervisor使用 - 回首郑板桥 - 博客园
https://www.cnblogs.com/hubery/p/5653007.html
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