安装流程
在安装之前需要先安装好Xcode和Xcode的conmmand line tools。参照之前通过node官网下载的node.js环境，在通过npm或者cnpm执行install命令的时候会出现权限的问题，就算是添加sudo也不能解决，所以经过尝试用了nvm的安装方法，具体命令如下：
#下载nvmcurl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.33.5/install.sh | bashsource ~/.zshrc#安装node.jsnvm install --lts # nvm会自动选择lts版本作为默认版本node --version#下载cnpm方便安装npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org#下载appium-doctor来查看环境部署是否成功cnpm install -g appium-doctor#下载appiumcnpm install -g appium#后台启动appiumappium &
注意，此处还是会遇到npm 执行的问题，同样不能解决，找了很久也找不到原因，可是用cnpm就可以完美解决了
js的解析
前期配置文件初始化阶段
//在Login.test.js文件中import wd from 'wd';import * as fs from 'fs';import path from 'path';import { iosCaps, serverConfig } from '../helps/caps';import { weekUserName,weekPassword } from '../helps/weekMessage';const {assert} = chai;
describe('Basic IOS interactions', function () { let driver;
before(async function () { // Connect to Appium server
driver = await wd.promiseChainRemote(serverConfig); // Start the session
await driver.init({
...iosCaps, app: path.resolve(__dirname, "..", "apps", "LoginTest.zip")
});
});//其中iosCaps是相应的配置信息。app是测试的软件的ipa文件的打包文件iosCaps的信息如下：
const iosCaps = {
platformName: 'iOS',
automationName: 'XCUITest',
deviceName: 'new_iPhone',
platformVersion: '11.4',
};
其中platformName 为测试平台的系统 iOS，automationName自动化测试测的驱动名字，这里使用XCUITest，deviceName为使用的设备名，用来对应相应的虚拟器驱动执行测试任务
由于iOS与Andriod 的界面格式差别，iOS的获取当前界面需要自己创建标识来做区分，还有相应的element获取需要使用各种方法结合，不仅仅只是根据id来查找。下面会有详细的例子
it('Simulated login user', async function () { //截屏并转为base64编码，文件写入
let obj=await driver.takeScreenshot(); let dataBuffer = new Buffer(obj, 'base64'); console.log(dataBuffer)
fs.writeFile('./1.png',dataBuffer,function(err){ if(err) console.log('写文件操作失败'); else console.log('写文件操作成功');
});
//根据编辑框的id得到用户名那个编辑框的句柄
const userNameElement = await driver.elementById('userName'); //根据编辑框的id得到输入密码那个编辑框的句柄
const passWordElement = await driver.elementById('password'); for( let i=0;i<weekUserName.length;i++ ){ let result =''; for(let j=0;j<weekPassword.length;j++){ //输入用户名密码
//根据句柄来给编辑框复赋值
await userNameElement.sendKeys(weekUserName[I]); await passWordElement.sendKeys(weekPassword[j]); //点击登陆按钮
//根据登陆按钮的Xpath路径得到按钮的实例数组
const onLogInButton = await driver.elementsByXPath("http://XCUIElementTypeButton"); await onLogInButton[0].click();
//根据className来拿到XCUIElementTypeNavigationBar，注意此处XCUIElementTypeNavigationBar只能有一个
const currentPage = await driver.elementByClassName('XCUIElementTypeNavigationBar'); //得到对应的属性的值
const current = await currentPage.getAttribute('name') //根据页面名来判断是否跳转
if(current == 'Login'){ //不跳转，弹出提示框，根据xpath得到提示框的句柄，此处的下下标是在界面中第几个XCUIElementTypeStaticText，需要打开appium的inspector来判断
const alertElement = await driver.elementsByXPath("http://XCUIElementTypeStaticText");
//得到提示框提示的内容
const alertText = await alertElement[2].getAttribute('name'); //根据id得到点击按钮的句柄，点击提示框的确定按钮
const closeDialogButton = await driver.waitForElementByAccessibilityId(`OK`); await closeDialogButton.click(); let flag = 0; // 当用户名不存在时的时候就不再验证用户名及密码
//判断提示的内容并做相应的处理
switch(alertText){ case '密码不能为空':result = '密码不为空';break; case '用户名不存在':result = '用户名不存在';flag = 1;break; case '用户名不能为空':result = '用户名不能为空';flag = 1;break; case '密码错误':result = '密码错误';break;
}
if(flag == 1) break;
}else if (current == 'secess'){ //页面跳转，得到跳转后的句柄
const secessElement = await driver.elementById('登陆成功'); const secessText = await secessElement.getAttribute('name'); //验证得到的信息是否正确
assert.equal(secessText, '登陆成功');
result = '登陆成功,发现存在弱口令匹配用户名和密码';
//重新返回页面方便进一步的测试
const backButton = await driver.elementById('Back'); await backButton.click(); break;
}
}
}
});结束操作
after(async function () { await driver.quit();
});模拟器的创建和开启
在实际的生产环境中需要通过程序来启动模拟器，则需要一些获取虚拟器的信息还有创建开启的模拟器
获取设备列表
xcrun simctl list获取到的信息如下： 其中包含三部分##设备相应的类型== Device Types == iPhone 4s (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPhone-4s) iPhone 5 (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPhone-5) iPhone 5s (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPhone-5s) iPhone 6 (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPhone-6) iPhone 6 Plus (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPhone-6-Plus) iPhone 6s (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPhone-6s) iPhone 6s Plus (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPhone-6s-Plus) iPhone 7 (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPhone-7) iPhone 7 Plus (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPhone-7-Plus) iPhone 8 (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPhone-8) iPhone 8 Plus (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPhone-8-Plus) iPhone SE (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPhone-SE) iPhone X (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPhone-X) iPad 2 (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPad-2) iPad Retina (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPad-Retina) iPad Air (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPad-Air) iPad Air 2 (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPad-Air-2) iPad (5th generation) (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPad--5th-generation-) iPad Pro (9.7-inch) (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPad-Pro--9-7-inch-) iPad Pro (12.9-inch) (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPad-Pro) iPad Pro (12.9-inch) (2nd generation) (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPad-Pro--12-9-inch---2nd-generation-) iPad Pro (10.5-inch) (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPad-Pro--10-5-inch-) iPad (6th generation) (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPad--6th-generation-) Apple TV (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.Apple-TV-1080p) Apple TV 4K (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.Apple-TV-4K-4K) Apple TV 4K (at 1080p) (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.Apple-TV-4K-1080p) Apple Watch - 38mm (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.Apple-Watch-38mm) Apple Watch - 42mm (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.Apple-Watch-42mm) Apple Watch Series 2 - 38mm (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.Apple-Watch-Series-2-38mm) Apple Watch Series 2 - 42mm (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.Apple-Watch-Series-2-42mm) Apple Watch Series 3 - 38mm (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.Apple-Watch-Series-3-38mm) Apple Watch Series 3 - 42mm (com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.Apple-Watch-Series-3-42mm) 设备的系统版本 == Runtimes == iOS 11.4 (11.4 - 15F79) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-11-4tvOS 11.4 (11.4 - 15L576) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.tvOS-11-4watchOS 4.3 (4.3 - 15T212) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.watchOS-4-3已有设备（包含设备名，uuid，和当前状态Shutdown为停机状态，Booted为启动中） == Devices == -- iOS 11.4 -- iPhone 5s (94F02B76-3A97-46AC-8A42-C591874FFC97) (Shutdown) iPhone 6 (DBDE455E-8E6F-427F-B694-B6CE6775336F) (Shutdown) iPhone 6 Plus (93B103F0-0B32-4EB8-AECB-8F582FC42A9D) (Shutdown) iPhone 6s (6BA22CD6-C101-439C-BA14-CCED0174C349) (Shutdown) iPhone 6s Plus (88550DD7-1546-43FC-B198-41BE190D78A2) (Shutdown) iPhone 7 (40E663E2-A37C-4F07-B54F-FB65B09087AA) (Shutdown) iPhone 7 Plus (A3AEA9AC-F6A9-41CD-8098-B8F5E1383FBF) (Shutdown) iPhone 8 (C3F5BE6E-FDC6-4EF9-B7C6-5E87ABE098CC) (Shutdown) iPhone 8 Plus (772FEA3C-8197-498B-9F4A-9A68AB679B5E) (Shutdown) iPhone SE (4A257C21-7D3F-4600-BE0D-FA03FB346C87) (Shutdown) iPhone X (1940A427-BBA3-49C5-B004-28B51D049C32) (Shutdown) new_iPhone (FCFC0238-D4E2-4073-9189-8A4C143220C3) (Shutdown) iPad Air (AD50B8F7-50C3-4FBC-9DC7-0734FB58A595) (Shutdown) iPad Air 2 (FFD0189D-0A09-46F5-88A3-2B9EB11252F4) (Shutdown) iPad (5th generation) (76118A95-6557-499A-91D4-34D3B453318F) (Shutdown) iPad Pro (9.7-inch) (DD67073B-0F56-43D4-B64A-C4CB3A8B6C3D) (Shutdown) iPad Pro (12.9-inch) (37B1B39E-2240-4D1A-B3AD-0DADE0F23E59) (Shutdown) iPad Pro (12.9-inch) (2nd generation) (43D13B49-D1D6-4E10-9CD2-8B891FA0C477) (Shutdown) iPad Pro (10.5-inch) (0D54B97A-88C5-41DF-B7FB-436F9638479B) (Shutdown) -- tvOS 11.4 -- Apple TV (12F32E6B-E142-4E52-8A8D-C1AD1843924E) (Shutdown) Apple TV 4K (9B6C900A-739D-44D0-91CC-BF5D3AD8E225) (Shutdown) Apple TV 4K (at 1080p) (23AB194E-70D3-4D60-BFAE-830F70BCC4D9) (Shutdown) -- watchOS 4.3 -- Apple Watch - 38mm (B9B7EECA-A19B-4726-9AFA-CDD835F860B5) (Shutdown) Apple Watch - 42mm (0BB2ED34-67BF-42DB-AE57-D6284DB35A9F) (Shutdown) Apple Watch Series 2 - 38mm (E189E183-9800-4A1C-8D89-DB653E3D968B) (Shutdown) Apple Watch Series 2 - 42mm (B3B45670-F683-4CAD-8E24-4DE3F0529FF0) (Shutdown) Apple Watch Series 3 - 38mm (07BA27F7-1478-4BE8-9F04-6662C15833AA) (Shutdown) Apple Watch Series 3 - 42mm (7945674E-97C1-42A7-8CC2-9677A1408BEC) (Shutdown) == Device Pairs == E014BE3D-4852-4EEB-8723-5E06B33B9DAF (active, disconnected) Watch: Apple Watch Series 2 - 38mm (E189E183-9800-4A1C-8D89-DB653E3D968B) (Shutdown) Phone: iPhone 7 (40E663E2-A37C-4F07-B54F-FB65B09087AA) (Shutdown)09144A5B-3D70-4726-9D96-9AC8BD282348 (active, disconnected) Watch: Apple Watch Series 2 - 42mm (B3B45670-F683-4CAD-8E24-4DE3F0529FF0) (Shutdown) Phone: iPhone 7 Plus (A3AEA9AC-F6A9-41CD-8098-B8F5E1383FBF) (Shutdown)64389547-414F-4D57-A82A-A133B6DDB667 (active, disconnected) Watch: Apple Watch Series 3 - 38mm (07BA27F7-1478-4BE8-9F04-6662C15833AA) (Shutdown) Phone: iPhone 8 (C3F5BE6E-FDC6-4EF9-B7C6-5E87ABE098CC) (Shutdown) BDE87505-570B-48FB-9A4E-7074A9F990E7 (active, disconnected) Watch: Apple Watch Series 3 - 42mm (7945674E-97C1-42A7-8CC2-9677A1408BEC) (Shutdown) Phone: iPhone 8 Plus (772FEA3C-8197-498B-9F4A-9A68AB679B5E) (Shutdown)
####新建模拟器xcrun simctl create "名称" "设备类型" "系统版本" 可以同时启动多台相同主机，只要设备名称不同就可以创建。通过在 例：xcrun simctl create "my_iPhone_X" "com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPhone-X" "com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-11-4"
通过appium指定相应的deviceName名程，就可以在调试的同时启动相应的模拟器
就算是没有启动状态，通过npm test 执行的时候appium会自动启动相应名称的设备
安装其他的系统版本
从Xcode菜单栏里打开Xcode -> Preferences -> Components -> Simulators，下载对应版本的模拟器。
作者：小的时令
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/f5be694dfb3c
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