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前言
由于需要学习配置oracle goldengate(ogg),奈何没有oracle环境,所以想自己装一个oracle,搜了一下相关文档,跟着安装了一下,发现oracle安装比mysql安装麻烦多了,而且出现了很多博客上没有提到的错误,所以特此记录一下~
1、下载
下载地址:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html,我下载的是Oracle Database 11g Release 2
(11.2.0.1.0) Linux x86-64,注意File1和File2都要下载
2、为host添加映射
我的虚拟机之前已经配好
192.168.44.128 ambari.master.com
3、安装依赖
3.1 先安装pdksh
centos7没有相关安装包可用,可下载pdksh的rpm包
wget http://vault.centos.org/5.11/os/x86_64/CentOS/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
3.2 安装其他依赖
yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel expat gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
3.3 检查所有依赖是否安装完整
rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel expat gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"
其中中文系统"not installed" 可能需要替换成中文相关的
4、添加oracle用户组和用户
groupadd oinstall groupadd dba groupadd asmadmin groupadd asmdba useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle
查看oracle用户
id oracle
为oracle 用户设置密码
passwd oracle
5、优化系统内核
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576 fs.file-max=6815744 kernel.shmall=2097152 kernel.shmmni=4096 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default=262144 net.core.rmem_max=4194304 net.core.wmem_default=262144 net.core.wmem_max=1048586
其中kernel.shmmax为内存的一半,比如内存为4G,则kernel.shmmax=210241024*1024=2147483648
使参数生效
sysctl -p
6、限制oracle用户的shell权限
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536
vim /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so session required pam_limits.so
vim /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi
7、创建oracle相关目录
mkdir -p /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 mkdir /db/app/oracle/oradata mkdir /db/app/oracle/inventory mkdir /db/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area chown -R oracle:oinstall /db/app/oracle chmod -R 775 /db/app/oracle mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/inventory chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/inventory
8、配置oracle用户环境变量
su oracle vim .bash_profile
umask 022 export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ambari.master.com export ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/ export ORACLE_SID=ORCL export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH export LC_ALL="en_US" export LANG="en_US" export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK" export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
9、解压安装包
如果安装包在root用户下,现切换到root用户
su
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /db unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /db
然后执行
mkdir /db/etc/ cp /db/database/response/* /db/etc/ vim /db/etc/db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/inventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ambari.master.com ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
10、安装
先切换到oracle
su oracle cd /db/database/ ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /db/etc/response/db_install.rsp
image
可按他提示的查看日志,新增一个命令窗口,执行
tail -f /u01/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2018-05-04_11-48-18AM.log
安装成功:
image
根据提示,执行
su sh /u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh sh /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
11配置静默监听
su oracle netca /silent /responsefile /db/etc/netca.rsp
查看监听端口
netstat -tnulp | grep 1521
image
11、静默创建数据库
vim /db/etc/dbca.rsp GDBNAME = "orcl" SID = "orcl" SYSPASSWORD = "oracle" SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle" SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle" DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle" DATAFILEDESTINATION =/db/app/oracle/oradata RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/db/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8" TOTALMEMORY = "3277"
其中TOTALMEMORY 设置为总内存的80%(410240.8)
在root用户下执行(如果没有权限)
chown -R oracle:oinstall /db/etc/dbca.rsp
执行静默建库
dbca -silent -responseFile /db/etc/dbca.rsp
image
然后查看一下日志看看有没有报错
vim /db/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log
如下
Copying database files DBCA_PROGRESS : 1% DBCA_PROGRESS : 3% DBCA_PROGRESS : 11% DBCA_PROGRESS : 18% DBCA_PROGRESS : 26% DBCA_PROGRESS : 37% Creating and starting Oracle instance DBCA_PROGRESS : 40% DBCA_PROGRESS : 45% DBCA_PROGRESS : 50% DBCA_PROGRESS : 55% DBCA_PROGRESS : 56% DBCA_PROGRESS : 60% DBCA_PROGRESS : 62% Completing Database Creation DBCA_PROGRESS : 66% DBCA_PROGRESS : 70% DBCA_PROGRESS : 73% DBCA_PROGRESS : 85% DBCA_PROGRESS : 96% DBCA_PROGRESS : 100% Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at: /db/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl. Database Information: Global Database Name:orcl System Identifier(SID):orcl
查看oracle实例进程
ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
root@ambari:~# ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep oracle 3531 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl oracle 3533 1 11 05:48 ? 00:00:12 ora_vktm_orcl oracle 3537 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl oracle 3539 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl oracle 3541 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcl oracle 3543 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl oracle 3545 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_orcl oracle 3547 1 16 05:48 ? 00:00:17 ora_mman_orcl oracle 3549 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl oracle 3551 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl oracle 3553 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl oracle 3555 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl oracle 3557 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl oracle 3559 1 1 05:48 ? 00:00:01 ora_mmon_orcl oracle 3561 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl oracle 3563 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl oracle 3565 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl oracle 3615 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl oracle 4088 1 1 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_orcl oracle 4121 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl oracle 4134 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl
查看监听状态
lsnrctl status
image
12、登录到oracle,测试
sqlplus / as sysdba select status from v$instance;
这是发现oracle执行任何语句报错如图:
image
崩溃~
13、各种错误及解决
13.1 首先检查前面的步骤有没有错的
如果没有,则执行后面,一开始我发现前面日志异常,第一次装没有经验,试了几下干脆卸载重装。
13.2 ORACLE not available
先根据ORACLE not available上网查了一下,解决方法:startup
13.3 startup 报错
错误:
could not open parameter file '/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/initORCL.ora'
13.4解决could not open parameter
执行以下命令即可(确保oracle用户对下面的文件夹有权限,前面已经执行过)
cp $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.43201822553 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initORCL.ora
参考:Linux下无法启动oracle could not open parameter file 解决方法
继续startup,又报错:MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
SQL> startup ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
13.5 解决 MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
root 用户下执行
mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=7g /dev/shm
参考:ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system报错解决
继续startup
SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1720328192 bytes Fixed Size 2214056 bytes Variable Size 1006634840 bytes Database Buffers 704643072 bytes Redo Buffers 6836224 bytes ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode
如果执行查询会报错:database not mounted,因为上面已经报错ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode
13.6 解决 cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode
先关闭数据库
shutdown immediate
SQL> shutdown immediate ORA-01507: database not mounted ORACLE instance shut down.
然后在root用户执行
fuser -k lkORCL
其中lkORCL 为自己设置oracle实例名的大写。
再执行fuser -u lkORCL没有任何输出即可
参考:ORA-01507: database not mounted (转)
这时再执行startup就可以了
SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1720328192 bytes Fixed Size 2214056 bytes Variable Size 1006634840 bytes Database Buffers 704643072 bytes Redo Buffers 6836224 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> select * from v$version; BANNER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production SQL>
再执行其他查询语句测试一下即可
14、创建用户供远程连接
开放1521端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload
create user bigdata identified by bigdata; grant connect, resource to bigdata;
利用连接数据库的工具就可以远程连接oracle,如DBeaver,然后建表,插入几条记录,查询测试一下,具体方法不再赘述。
作者:董可伦
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/ad9c4fc28103
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